Warfare agents hydrolysis using bio-gold nanoparticles

Import 05/08/2014Diplomová práce je zaměřena na biosyntézu zlatých nanočástic prostřednictvím řasy Mallomonas kalinae a jejich praktické využití při dekontaminaci bojových látek. Teoretická část se zabývá obecnou charakterizací nervově paralytických látek, jejich detekcí, dekontaminací a degradací. V praktické části byly biosyntetizované nanočástice zlata charakterizovány převážně transmisní elektronovou mikroskopií a RTG difrakcí. Suspenze zlatých nanočástic byla poté testována jako katalyzátor při hydrolýze somanu (O-pinakolyl methylfosfonofluoridát) a VX (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methyl fosfonothiolát). Rozkladné procesy VX a somanu byly analyzovány plynovou chromatografií s hmotnostním detektorem a mikroextrakcí na tuhou fázi.The thesis focuses on the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using algae Mallomonas kalinae and their use in a decontamination of warfare agents. Theoretical part deals on general characterization of nerve agents, their detection, decontamination and degradation. In the practical part biosynthesized gold nanoparticles were characterized using mostly transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Suspension of gold nanoparticles was used as catalyst for hydrolysis of soman (3,3-dimethyl 2-butyl methylphosphonofluoridate) and VX (O-ethyl S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothionate). Reaction of chemical warfare agent VX and soman with gold nanoparticles have been studied using gas chromatography with mass spectroscopy detector and solid-phase microextraction.9360 - Centrum nanotechnologiívýborn

Biosilica-nanogold composite: Easy-to-prepare catalyst for soman degradation

A very fast single-step biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using algal cells of Mallomonas kalinae (MK) is introduced. The average particle size of crystalline AuNPs was approximately 10 nm. Subsequently, the catalytic activity of two systems - MK-biosilica scales and MK-biosilica scales with AuNPs - was compared with a control hydrolysis of soman (GD) performed in demineralized water. The kinetics of GD degradation was studied using a gas chromatography with mass detector (GC-MS) and solid-phase microextraction. The residual content of GD was 3.8% and 3.5% for both initial concentrations of GD (68 mu g mL(-1) and 340 mu g L-1, respectively) after 48 h of testing when nanogold was used as a catalyst. Experimental results confirmed the catalytic activity of biosynthesized AuNPs, as well as the role of biosilica itself in the degradation of GD.Web of Science12227126

Magnetically modified nanogold-biosilica composite as an effective catalyst for CO oxidation

The temperature-dependent biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNP) using diatom cells of Diadesmis gallica was successfully performed. The resulting biosynthesis product was a bio-nanocomposite containing AuNP (app. 20 nm) subsequently anchored on the silica surface of diatomaceous frustules. As-prepared nanogold-biosilica composite was tested as catalyst in the oxidation of carbon monoxide using gas chromatograph with thermal conductivity detector. For catalytic activity enhancement, bionanocomposite was magnetically modified by ferrofluid using two different methods, i.e., with and without the use of methanol. The oxidation of CO at 300 degrees C was 58-60% in the presence of nanogold-biosilica composites. CO conversion at 300 degrees C was only 15% over magnetically responsive sample modified in the presence of methanol. On the other hand, complete CO conversion was reached over direct (without methanol) magnetically modified nanogold-biosilica composite at 330 degrees C (GHSV = 60 l g(-1) h(-1)). Our results show, that the type of magnetic modification can influence the catalytic activity of bionanocomposite. The best catalytic effect in CO conversion established direct magnetically modified nanogold-biosilica composite.Web of Science1271158114

Ag-AgCl nanoparticles fixation on electrospun PVA fibres: Technological concept and progress

Polymer-metal based material with unique 3D structure is an attractive substrate for the development of biomedical applications. A novel preparation of the composite from polymer fibres and silver nanoparticles has been designed through: (1) preparation of silver nanoparticles by phytosynthesis and (2) incorporation of these nanoparticles in a fibrous membrane prepared by electrospinning. The nanoparticle biosynthesis was performed in a pure environmental-friendly, easy, static, bottom-up in vitro regime using Tilia sp. leachate. TEM and XRD depict the formation, stabilisation and encapsulation of crystalline silver (14 +/- 9 nm) nanoparticles (NPs) in one simple step with low tendency to aggregate. We achieved successful incorporation in the uniform electrospun 221 +/- 24 nm poly(vinylalcohol) fibres, and this confirms the possibility of its use in the biomedical field. Both SEM with EDX and TEM analysis determined fibre uniformity with the presence of silver NPs, and ICP-AES confirmed the relatively similar metal concentration throughout the triplicate measurement of fibre structures on the 2 x 2 cm area in the following manner: 0.303 +/- 0.018 wt. %, 0.282 +/- 0.017 wt. %, and 0.281 +/- 0.017 wt. %. Our hypothesis is based on previously verified preparation of active silver NPs and the easily prepared PVA electrospun fibres which act as a water soluble matrix. The simple methodology of incorporating biosynthetically prepared NPs in the PVA fibers highlights the effectiveness of this material, with simple release from water-soluble PVA and final activation of the prepared NPs.Web of Science9art. no. 1552

Colloidal stability of phytosynthesised gold nanoparticles and their catalytic effects for nerve agent degradation

Herein, Tilia sp. bract leachate was used as the reducing agent for Au nanoparticles (Au NPs) phytosynthesis. The colloidal properties of the prepared Au NPs were determined to confirm their stability over time, and the NPs were then used as active catalysts in soman nerve agent degradation. The Au NPs characterisation, reproducibility and stability studies were performed under transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy and with zeta -potential measurements. The reaction kinetics was detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry detector and solid-phase micro-extraction to confirm the Au NPs applicability in soman hydrolysis. The 'green' phytosynthetic formation of colloidal crystalline Au NPs with dominant quasi-spherical shape and 55 +/- 10 nm diameter was successfully achieved, and there were no significant differences in morphology, zeta -potential or absorbance values observed during the 5-week period. This verified the prepared colloids' long-term stability. The soman nerve agent was degraded to non-toxic substances within 24 h, with 0.2156 h(-1) reaction rate constant. These results confirmed bio-nanotechnology's great potential in preparation of stable and functional nanocatalysts for degradation of hazardous substances, including chemical warfare agents.Web of Science111art. no. 407

Biosynthesis of noble metal nanoparticles

Import 03/08/2012Bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na biosyntézy nanočástic ušlechtilých kovů, na jejich praktická hlediska, mechanismy biosyntéz a faktory, které je ovlivňují, izolaci a následnou imobilizaci biosyntetizovaných nanočástic. Teoretická část práce se dále věnuje rozdělení biosyntéz v závislosti na použité biomase. Cílem praktické části bylo provedení vstupního experimentu biosyntézy nanočástic stříbra a zlata s řasami Mallomonas kalinae. Připravené nanočástice byly charakterizovány metodou transmisní elektronové mikroskopie a pomocí obrazové analýzy byla stanovena jejich velikostní distribuce. Na základě pilotních experimentů biosyntézy nanočástic ušlechtilých kovů bylo navrženo další nasměrování výzkumu s důrazem na optimalizaci samotného procesu biosyntézy nanočástic ušlechtilých kovů s křemičitými řasami a na potenciální aplikace a praktické využití takto připravených nanočástic.This thesis focuses on the biosynthesis of noble metals nanoparticles, on their practical aspects, biosynthesis mechanisms and factors that affect them. Isolation and resulting immobilization of biosynthesised nanoparticles is discussed. Different biosynthesis studies are evaluated and sorted depending on the type of used biomass. The aim of the practical part of the thesis was to perform the pilot experiments of silver and gold nanoparticles biosynthesis by means of golden algae Mallomonas kalinae. Prepared nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and their size distribution was evaluated using the image analysis. Based on these biosynthesis experiments, further experiments were proposed, particularly the biosynthesis of noble metals nanoparticles with siliceous algae, its optimization and potential applications of these nanoparticles.9360 - Centrum nanotechnologiívýborn

Metallic bionanoparticles and their potential in degradation of organic compounds

Teoretická část disertační práce shrnuje biosyntetickou přípravu nanomateriálů a jejich aplikaci jako katalyzátory při degradaci organických látek. Hlavním cílem této práce byla příprava nanočástic zlata biosyntézou za použití odpadní křemeliny z filtrace piva a rostlinného výluhu z lípového květu Tilia sp. S ohledem na použité biomasy byly připraveny dva typy nanomateriálů, a to nanokompozit obsahující nanočástice zlata ukotvené na povrchu křemeliny a koloid nanočástic zlata fytosyntetizovaných rostlinným výluhem. V závislosti na dosažených výsledcích byly dále optimalizovány parametry biosyntézy, sledována stabilita biosyntetizovaného nanomateriálu v čase a ověřena opakovatelnost biosyntézy nanočástic. V závěru práce je experimentálně potvrzen podíl nanočástic zlata na degradaci 4-nitrofenolu, farmaceutické látky ibuprofenu a nervově paralytického jedu somanu. Z výsledků vyplývá, že biosyntéza nanočástic kovů může být za optimalizovaných podmínek opakovatelnou metodou přípravy stabilních bionanomateriálů v čase za optimalizovaných podmínek. Na základně provedených experimentů bylo potvrzeno, že je možné environmentálně přijatelnou metodou připravit nanočástice kovů s aplikačním potenciálem v katalýze.The theoretical part of this dissertation thesis summarizes biosynthetic preparation of nanoparticles and their application as catalysts in the degradation of organic compounds. The aim of this work was to biosynthesize gold nanoparticles using the waste diatomite earth from bier filtration and plant extract from linden flower Tilia sp. With respect to used biomass, two types of nanomaterials were prepared, namely nanocomposite containing nanogold embedded on the silica surface and colloidal solution of gold nanoparticles. Depending on the obtained results, the task was to optimize biosynthesis conditions, study biosynthesized nanomaterials stability during the time and verify repeatability of nanogold biosynthesis. Finally, biosynthesized nanoparticles functionality was experimentally confirmed in catalysis, namely in degradation of 4-nitrophenol, pharmaceutical compounds ibuprofen and nervous paralytic poison soman. The results show that biosynthesis of nanometals can be repeatable method for stable nanoparticles preparation under optimized conditions. On the basis of performed experiments it was approved that applying an environmentally acceptable method metal nanoparticles with potential in catalysis could be prepared.9360 - Centrum nanotechnologiívyhově

Stanovení vlivu navrhovaných lokalit vhodných pro akumulaci povrchových vod v oblasti povodí Odry na velké vody

Import 04/10/2007Prezenční546 - Institut environmentálního inženýrstv

Environmental Impact Assessment in Branch of the Golf Links

Import 29/09/2010Holišová, V.: Posuzování vlivů golfových hřišť na životní prostředí. Ostrava: Institut environmentálního managementu, VŠB-TUO, 2009, diplomová práce, vedoucí: doc. Ing. Vladimír Lapčík, CSc. Golfový rozvoj v České republice za posledních 10 let způsobil, že se téma posuzování vlivů golfových hřišť na životní prostředí stalo velmi diskutovaným. To, jak jednotlivá hřiště přispívají k ochraně přírody, se odvíjí od toho, jaká pozornost je věnována detailům při plánováni jejich výstavby, designu, realizaci samotné a následně i výběru vhodného managementu. Podstata golfu by měla být v interakci s přírodním světem, propracovanou modifikací krajiny a vegetace tak, aby se vytvořila syntéza (symbióza) mezi sportem a přírodou.Holišová, V.: Environmental Impact Assessment in Branch of the Golf Links, Ostrava: Institute of Environmental Management, VSB-TUO, 2010, graduation thesis, tutor: doc. Ing. Vladimít Lapčík, CSc. Due to a great golf expansion in the Czech Republic in the last 10 years there has been quite a lively discussion over the environmental impact of golf links. What golf courses do in terms of conserving nature is dependent on attention paid to the details in their planning, design, construction and management. The very essence of golf should be about interaction with the natural world, about a subtle modification of landscape and vegetation so that a synthesis of sport and environment is created.546 - Institut environmentálního inženýrstvívýborn

Phytosynthesis of Ag, ZnO and ZrO2 nanoparticles using linden: Changes in their physical-chemical nature over time

Bionanotechnology provides many new methods and protocols in nanomaterial preparation. One of these special new chemical methods is phytosynthesis. The application of biological processes in living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and higher plants contributes to rapid and easy formation of metallic nanoparticles. These nanoparticles present a promising future in heterogeneous catalysis and medicine, and here we focus on phytosynthesis of Ag, ZnO and ZrO2 nanoparticles using leachate from the linden plant. Nanoparticle activity in liquid is an important aspect of their behavior, and we investigated nanoparticles zeta-potential and monitored their particle size by dynamic light scattering during the period of three months. Transmission electron microscopy then determined shape and morphology, with results confirming their spherical shape and average size in tens and hundreds of nanometers. The amount of metals was estimated in tens of mg L-1 and the different nanoparticle sizes obtained by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy are discussed. The nanoparticles were tested against 4 human pathogens using minimum inhibitory concentration to investigate their antimicrobial potential. Only Ag nanoparticles provided antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; with the remaining nanoparticles having no antibacterial effect on the four tested pathogens. All studied phenomena are related to nanoparticle concentration and their surface charge, and therefore zeta-potential and other physical and chemical properties are important in ascertaining positive and negative aspects of metallic nanoparticles in future applications and related research.Web of Science19127933792